post moder business

Card games like dominoes, one by one wrack large companies in the United States (U.S.) began in beruntun disclosed. Starting from the Enron scandal Co. case., Followed by cases which Xerox, WorldCom Inc.., And Merck. Some involve the role of public accountants who gave the assessment and the recommendations of the "big wedge of the pole" (do not reflect the actual information).
Due to lie to the public accountant should be independent-that-there was a distortion of stock prices in the exchange (Wall Street) that resulted in the loss. Conspiracy between the CEO (chief executive Officers), as the company manager, accountant and public opinion as to the condition of the company's financial health, has made the company a value higher than senyatanya. As a result, expectations for-profit company to be higher so the decision to buy the shares do not reflect the actual information.

Disgust of the shareholders (stockholders) keroposnya against the company, marked decrease interest to invest in the stock market. This is reflected in the decline of stock price index of 500 companies which entered the list of the Standard & Poor, which was 13.4 percent in the quarter II this year. This trend was followed by a decrease in the interest of foreign investors to infuse capital in the stock market in the U.S.. (Business Week, 15/7/02)

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IN modern civilization, the activity does not pile up profits again made the owners of capital, but by the management company (the nation executive). They bear the burden and responsibility to optimize the benefits of the investment by the owners of capital. According to the Theory penggagas Agency (Jansen & Macling) and Transaction Cost Theory (Williamson) the relationship between the owners of capital (stockholders) and the executive always marked the permanent conflict of interest.

The basic assumption of this second theory, the executive manager of capital has the attitude opportunist. For that, there must be strong control of the owners of capital over the executive. Then there was a relationship that is konfliktual (asymmetric) between the principal (the owners of capital) and the agency (management company). The executive (CEO) always oriented to widen the scope of business (expansive policy), so there is a need to hold some of the profits (retained earning). Meanwhile, the owners of capital is an important benefit (dividend) as soon as possible, and there is no need to return the detained.

In connection with the owners of capital, the executive is always trying to convey positive information, so that they would continue to infuse capital, with the way the company is buying shares. Thus, the executive will be free to develop the company with fresh funds it. Philosophy is the expression of behavior of the CEO to berkonspirasi or bribe the public accountant.

According to some observers, this dilapidation indicating, not the fault lies more on financial market regulation, corporate policy platform or carelessness of the public accountant, but comes from the heart of modern business itself. Spirit (l'Esprit d'etat), modern business has experienced so without distortion paradigmanya update, the building of any kind will not be able to cope dilapidation yielded.

If ditilik from the history of development, from the birth of modern business atmosphere of gleaming industrial revolution which is to emphasize productivity and profitability of production. In the initial phase of development of this business, the name appears as Frederick Taylor (1859-1915) to understand Taylorism, Henry Ford (1863-1947) with Fordism, and Henri Fayol the year 1916 launched the theory of general principles of industrial administration. All emphasize the principles of rationalization and systematization system of organization and relationships antarmanusia. This is the classic theory of business.

The flow of thought that tries this is a classic paradigm for business relationships follow a course that humanity (humanistic) and individual behavior (behavioral). Tokohnya is Elton Mayo, Likert, Maslow, McGregor, and others. They started to give attention to the humanitarian aspect in the working world, but they are trapped on the premise that too on the behavior of the individual actors, so ignore the structural factors that are either in or outside the organization.

Understand that emerges is emphasizing the flow of external factors, which are known as the theory kontigensi (contigency theory). Essentially, the behavior of individual organizations in the company's only function of the external environmental situation. After that, various pop mashab business theory, understand from the (neo)-institutionalism, competence theory, the Resource-Based View of the firms, knowledge management, dynamic Capabilities, learning organization, and so forth.

In epistemologis, the theory can dipilah business into three parts. In the tradition of classical theory of business, which greatly affect the flow of positivism. Then start entering the influence of critical theory (critical theory), and thoughts of post-modernism. In the list of 10 "moment" the most influential version of The Economist (edition 25/12/93), appears the name of Jaques Derrida, a post-modernis philosophers. Any reason, thoughts of post-modernis have affected business practices and managerial behavior.

Recognized or not, and now science has become the arena of business epistemologis contention. Unfortunately, this is never practitioners is recognized even by academics who were oriented on technical matters. As the generation business, both practitioners and academics, they continue to be diligent in business, which materialistik, modernis, and positivistik.

Recently, the concept of the Balanced scorecard-dipopulerkan by Robert Kaplan and David Norton, is very popular among business practitioners and academics. According to some circles, this concept has been mengintroduksi a new paradigm in the business a little more influenced by the perspective of post-modernis. Balanced scorecard concept to understand the performance of the organization not only by the size of the financial course (tangible assets), but also the culture of performance and disseminate its ideology (intangible assets). Meanwhile, H Mintzberg thinking about "theoretical configuration organization" is considered the organization as a process of understanding strukturasi.

Practices of the business world is indeed accelerate much, and the more complicated it is not clear pangkalnya end. While the business through the merefleksikannya for academics have been working very staggering. Moreover, the business has been "rape" theory of business interests for practical, technical and berdimensi short course.

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Click on the development of business this really exhausting. However, it will be far more exhausting if not from now starting to try to create a new bottle of wine for long. CALLING President Bush in the face of the business in return for good business ethics is one part of the moral imbauan in fact more ignored by the perpetrators of business, if there is no real punishment.

And the government actually did not care if you do not get the "punishment" of the community with the action does not invest capital in the stock market. So more important is to encourage people to be critical and have the courage to "punish" the perpetrators of the behavior of each business deviating from the rules that good.

So this is the time for business socializing theory that not only serve the interests of the business, but moves in the public interest. In this case, science is not business knowledge berdimensi the only practical and technical, but also emansipatoris. This means that science is not only exploit business people, but also lead to.

Source (KOMPAS, 25 July 2002)

Healthy life is not hard!

There are some things that often is passed in a live, so the result of bad habits will come to our health. This can happen only because the habit of life that is not regular. Habits are, among others, skip breakfast, drink less water, less movement until ngemil snack berkalori high.

According to Pete Cohen, psychologists and physical trainers, that no man is born with a bad habit. Habits learned during this growing adult. The most telling way to dispose of bad habits is to replace them with better habits. According to some research, required repeated 20 - and 30 times to become new habits.

What is it?, It seems easy, but if that's why it difficult?, Because we are living Folly dilingkungan that customs evil becomes normal.

There are several tips below, about how to live with a life in a healthy and orderly, namely:

1. Drinking water is enough
What happened? the human body will not signal a sense of thirst until the body is the lack of water or dehydration.
Why water? because two-thirds of our body consists of water, the water is the most important elements for the body. Every day we lose 1.5 liters of water through the skin, lung and kidney (in the form of urine). To lose it is to be replaced with a sufficient amount, so the body will be spared from fatigue, headaches, dull skin and bad moods.

2. Breakfast every day
What happened? Reasons that are often heard is that there is not enough time for breakfast.
Why breakfast? If breakfast terlewatkan will affect work productivity. For the 'listen to' your body with a healthy breakfast perform routine every day. Breakfast is healthy snacks such as adequate nutrition for a glass of milk or fruit juice or breakfast ready City rich nutrition and low fat.

3. A nutritious lunch
What happened? Because usually the excess carbohydrate often occur during lunch, or consume less food containing protein sebagau energy sources.
Why should nutritious? Ngemil usually high-calorie foods will be the main choice when the hunger strike, such as chocolate, biscuits, or chips, which contain more fat, sugar and salt.
To choose the nutritious lunch that is a wise way to overcome hunger. How wise, according to Dr. Wendy Doyle, dietitians, by adding lauknya, eating piece of fruit or a glass of beer, wine, yoghurt.

4. Siasati dinner
What happened? Usually tired after working all day, it will be lazy if preparing dinner.
Why circumvented? Because usually when you do not prepare meals for the fast foods or take-away foods, that contain high fat and salt. How to cope?, Eat something before the home office and fill the refrigerator with the food that is more durable save for an emergency. If forced to buy food, better food, avoid fried foods and think it contains nutrients, most do not, quite.

Indonesian

business for beginners

Hobby is a great way to start a business. Why? Because the combine between enjoyment, interests and talents. Thus, you will not feel the answer to work or build a business. It seems as if you do it while playing. Not only that, if it is a hobby, then surely you already know the ropes and even the details. For example, just like you treat the plant. Sure you know where to get a good seed, fertilizer purchase, the media and other supporting materials with low price and how to care and cultivation. You may also have joined the community hobiis the same. This makes it easier to obtain your information and relationships.

Then, how to start a business from this hobby? Almost the same as the actual start of a new business. The difference, you have a base of knowledge, insight and experience sufficient. Some things you need to note are:

1. You Tekuni Hobby
'Practice makes Perfect'. If you do this for a hobby because to fill her spare time, or fraudulent, you must start now diligent practice. Do not forget to practice directly from the theory that all you have learned. With continued practice, your ability will be increased and you could make the best products. This will increase the value of selling.

2. Add your knowledge
If not enough on the experience. You need to add of knowledge through courses, seminars or training related to the hobby. Through such activities, you will gain the knowledge and a certificate that can increase personal branding and prestige. This will increase customer confidence. I read a book, magazine, Internet or other media to increase your knowledge. With the mailing list (mailling list) according hobby, you can even get additional insight. Can be even for the experts directly. Of course this is very useful.

3. Learn from the experts
Experience is the best teacher. Not that you need to experience the natural self. You can draw experience from the business that have been successful. For example, learn from the ornamental plants that have been successful. Or learn from the lecturers are qualified researchers. Learning directly with experts and people who successfully run a hobby that you tekuni, will increase your ability. This is the best way to produce a good product and competitive both in terms of quality and price. You can even measure the ability and your work.

4. Pasarkan your product
If your product is ready, immediately pasarkan. For the initial stage, can be offered to the community that you follow. Or to the environment, such as the nearest neighbors and relatives. Advantages, you can ask for feedback about your product, and disseminated before the fix. If their response is good, you can try to offer shops. However, some types of stores would only accept certain goods from the supplier.
Or if not, they provide certain requirements, like minimum number of items of goods, the continuity of supply, discounts, etc..
If your product unique and not the market, better to do online marketing. In addition to cheap, you can reach the right consumers.

5. Do not forget: Campaign!
Marketing the need to be supported by a good campaign. Do not be lazy to promote your product. Promotion can be done in many ways. If you want a free, ad can be free through the site. Or advertise in the mailing-list. If you want to campaign personally, can by allowing prospective buyers to sample us. To provide a bonus in the amount of purchase is also good for a particular campaign. Generally, if the customer satisfied, they will tell to other people.

Note also that, prior to really dive into the business, you still need to conduct market research and create business plans, although the simple. This is to avoid terbuangnya energy, time and cost. In addition, so you know some of you have a hobby, a hobby which can be used as a business. So, you have you are ready to do business?

success!

groove theory of education

Curriculum has a very close relationship with the theory of education. A curriculum prepared by referring to one or more of the curriculum theory and the theory of curriculum based on the theory outlined specific education. Nana S. Sukmadinata (1997) revealed 4 (four) theory of education, namely: (1) classical education; (2) private education; (3) technology, education, and (4) theory of education interaksional.

1.Pendidikan classic (Class of education),

Classic theory of education based on classical philosophy, such as Perenialisme, Eessensialisme, and existentialism, and that education works as an effort to maintain, preserve and continue the cultural heritage. This theory of education emphasized the role of the contents of education in the process. Contents of education or material taken from the treasury of knowledge that are found and developed by experts, but the tempo has been prepared in a logical and systematic. In practice, educators have a role and more dominant, while students have a passive role, as the recipient of the information and duties of educators.
A classical education resources for the development of a model curriculum, academic subject, a curriculum that aims to provide a solid knowledge and train students to use ideas and the process of "research", through the method ekspositori and inkuiri.

2.Pendidikan personal (personalized education).

This theory of education from the assumption that since the child born has a certain potential. Education must be able to develop potential which is owned by students from the needs and interests of students. In this case, the students become the main actors of education, educators are only the second place, the better role as a leader, supporter, facilitator and services to students.
This theory has a two-flow, namely education and progressive education destiny. Progressive education with its leaders-Francis Parker and John Dewey - that the students a whole unit. Content comes from the experience of teaching students according to their own interests and needs. He merefleksi to the problems that arise in their lives. Refleksinya blessing, he can understand and use them for life. More educators are experts in the development of methodology and help students with the ability and the speed of each. Education romantic thoughts originate from the mind-JJ Rouseau of tabula rasa, who looked every individual in character, - have a conscience honesty, truth and honesty.
Personal theory of education resources for the development of a model curriculum humanist. a model curriculum that aims to expand awareness and reduce kerenggangan and keterasingan from the environment and the process of self-actualization. The curriculum is a reaction to the humanist education that emphasizes more on the aspects of intellectual (academic curriculum subjects),

3.Teknologi education,

Technology education is a concept that has similarities with classical education on the role of education in conveying information. However, between them, there is different. In tekonologi education, is preferable formation and control of competence or ability, practical ability, not the preservation and maintenance of the old culture. In the concept of education technology, the content of education chosen by a team of experts specialized fields. Fill in the form of education data objectively and skills that lead to vocational capabilities. Fill prepared in the form of program design or the design of teaching and delivered with the use of electronic media and the students learn individually. Students trying to control a large number of materials and patterns of activity efficiently without reflection. New skills to use immediately in the community. Teachers learn to work as a director (director of learning), the more the tasks of the management and delivery of the material.
Become a source of technology education curriculum model for technological development, namely a model curriculum that aims to give control of competence for students, through individualized learning methods, media or electronic books, so that they can master basic skills specific.

4.Pendidikan interaksional,

Interaksional education is a concept that education drip decline from the thoughts of human beings as social stresses interact and cooperate with other human beings. Education as a form of life also berintikan cooperation and interaction. In education interaksional emphasize the interaction of two parties from teachers to students and from students to teachers. Furthermore, this interaction occurred between students with learning materials and the environment, the thinking man with the environment. This interaction occurs through various forms of dialogue. Interaksional in education, learning more than just learn facts. Students make experimental understanding of these facts, give interpretations that are comprehensive and understand in the context of life. Philosophy that underlies the philosophy of education interaksional social reconstruction.
Interaksional education resources for the development of a curriculum model of social reconstruction, the model curriculum, which has a main goal confront the students on the challenges, threats, barriers or interference-faced human interference. Students are encouraged to have adequate knowledge about the social problems that urgent (Crucial) and work together to solve it.

Type of Food For Smart Brain

The type of food for the brain can maintain brain health. What type of food that can increase the opportunity to maintain brain health. Below are some foods and drinks that you can add to maintain brain health.

1. Fish is a protein to the brain, especially the rich fatty acid Omega -3. Feed fatty acid Omega-3 related to the low level of senility, the risk of stroke, the decline in mental latest. Conversely, can reinforce the memories, especially in the information age. Self-consumption of two portions of fish a week.
2. Sugar is a glucose dimetabolisme the body of sugar and carbohydrates are eaten. One glass of sweet drinks may increase short-term memories, the process of thinking and mental ability. But if too much sugar will disrupt the recall.
3. Avocado has a good fat because it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and strengthen the flow of blood to the brain. However, do not add sugar or syrup.
4. Nuts is a source of antioxidant vitamin E. Self-consumption of 23 grams of beans per day (not fried).
5. Caffeine can spiritualize, and to help focus and concentration. Caffeine found in coffee, cocoa, tea and others. Unfortunately, when most can not create a comfortable and trigger uneasiness.

Ok, it was some type of food and beverages that can maintain brain health.

education...formal and non formal

The importance of education not only to be expressed through words and disyiarkan and jargon, but need to step in real life. Realization of the existence of element-element supporting the achievement of a claim against the importance of education must be carried out immediately. Policies in the education system must meet the elements of timeliness and efficient. The concept of lifelong education guidelines to be raised in the dignity of human beings with education, including people of Indonesia. The children of this nation should not be left behind with other nations in the world, therefore, since the early education should be put to them. Long Life Education, the phrase that we know since the beginning until now, especially for education observer. Lifelong education, meaning it is free from the sentence. The importance of education in life and human life has been to make it one of the basic human needs. Humans do not have that education is like being raganya just like humans. Some religious teachings also require human access to education at, and even said "tuntutlah knowledge from cradle to den lawout." More than that, now that the baby has been in his mother's womb able to interact with the strain calm voice outside the womb. One of the government's policy In the education that supports lifelong education is admitted early childhood care and education (ECCE). So that children not only recognize Indonesia's education at primary school, but was first built diPAUD is, as stated in Article 28 paragraph 1 of Law. 20 of 2003 on National Education System. ECCE work to build, to grow, and develop the potential of all young children in order to establish the optimal behavior and the ability accordance with the basic stage of its development to have the readiness to enter further education in order to achieve the goals of national education. One point is the implementation ECCE point non-formal education. ECCE point non-formal education is education that implement flexible learning and development efforts as the development of the child since birth until the age of six years through the Park Hotel Children, Group Play, and other forms of the same level. Children's Park Hotel next abbreviated landfill is one of the early childhood unit on the path to non-formal education in the social welfare program, a program of children, and education programs for children from birth until the age of six years. Other forms of the same level with the landfill and family planning, among other Play Park, Park Health Center, and Children's Education Park Sholeh (tapas), and early childhood program that is integrated with existing services, such as India, and BKB. Organizing non-formal early childhood of course have the meaning and benefits that are not small. A concept of education which is carried out largely by the community and is destined for children before the age of primary education, is a truly extraordinary. Therefore, efforts to encourage forms of non-formal early childhood should continue to focus all of us, especially the government. Distribution of education funds, which continue to move up in the Budget, should also touch this non-formal early childhood. Although this activity has been there a long time, but still must get serious attention so that the more developed. To stimulate more growth this non-formal early childhood development, will be better if the removal of the early childhood teachers be improved. During this, the management of non-formal early childhood was less than professional, especially on the coach or teacher, so it is required that teachers have the competence and certification as a non-formal early childhood teachers. Similarly, the public awareness of the existence of non-formal early childhood, must get support from the government that high. Limited government in the early childhood hold a formal kind of kindergarten and Raodatul Atfal, is certainly that the non-formal early childhood. In addition, the socialization of non-formal early childhood digiatkan must continue so that the people of Indonesia are not public with it. Drafts are the benefits of early childhood is no other more siapnya our children entering primary education (primary school). During this, it is felt the children who enter primary school without the ECCE in this kindergarten (TK), generally lagging performance. Nevertheless, almost no graph rise to the first children to enter kindergarten. This is what makes the non-formal early childhood become urgent. Kindergarten and Raudathul Atfal as a form of a formal early childhood is still very low, so most people do not enter their children in kindergarten or RA, some other people want their children to be built on an "educational institutions" that are not formally qualified to (non) before entering elementary school. Park Hotel and Children's Play Park are two forms of non-formal early childhood that is far from the formal atmosphere. Parents can be more creative in view the development of children through non-formal early childhood, especially if family-based early childhood can be realized with both. The effect is relaxed and flexible is a special characteristic of non-formal early childhood. Nevertheless, non-formal early childhood is not just a place dititip children by their parents or where children play alone. The development of a child toward the mastery of knowledge or skills remain the main goal, only "style" in achieving this, different. Play is one of the activities that dominate the non-formal early childhood. Play is an activity that someone made for fun, without considering the end results. There are parents who think that too many children who play will make children become lazy and stupid work. However, this is less so precise and wise, because some psychology experts say that the game is very big influence on the development of children's lives. It is this concept that continues to be developed so that the development of children's lives better. Children do not become oppressive, coward, minder, and evil. It is expected that children will become creative, intrepid, confident, and humble. Children who have been through early childhood, including non-formal early childhood certainly have a passion for high school to pursue higher. Presence non ECCE fill the void ECCE the formal opening of the community access to the children insert in early childhood before the primary, because it will be better if the establishment or ECCE Nonformal can be more evenly distributed in all areas of Indonesia, if every village can have Nonformal ECCE. Reasonable Basic Education 9 years, which was declared by the government will be more evident support can be achieved owing to non-formal early childhood. This is possible with the introduction of the increasing importance of early education and the breadth of network ECCE with non-formal early childhood as a form of nurturing introduction to the education community. The extent to find access to education since the early mengertinya and more people on the importance of education is the main indicator of the success of the more obvious fact pandas 9 years. Not too excessive, if we look Nonformal ECCE is the spirit or the spirit of the reason the success of Primary Education 9 years.

Right Attitude to Starting Own Busines

Not an easy thing to start your own business, but otherwise, this is also not difficult to do. Starting a business is a private matter that is terrifying, and it is interesting. Why? On the one hand, this can cause great risk, while at the other side, the big opportunity in life are also waiting. Therefore, it is reasonable to be if you want to know, what are the actual, that are involved with them when you start a business, and what steps can make your business can succeed.

Here are some things that might help to understand before you jump directly to open a business:

1. Find some way from the conventional way of business, and try. Here you do not have to, and did not need a direct way to do that is not true? So, Business is Learning by Doing, is not it?
2. Be the person who is creative, flexible, fast and responsive to changes that occurred, with information about the market, and the events that recently occurred, if that can affect the market share it.
3. What is your personal goal to do this yourself? What you want in life? The type of income, such as what you want? Where you are 5 years old, 10 years? This can all declare your personal goals, and this is not a trivial matter. You must have personal goals and find out who really important to you, because you need to know, not the business itself is something that demands?
4. Ask yourself, whether you are doing something that you want to do? Do you work with people that you really want to work together to do so? Do you, about the investment could have been as expected? If it does not appear feeling happy, not "mood", then so can you will not be a good businessman and successful.
5. Have a business idea with fervent desire or "passion" for personal and allowing it to start immediately. Personal desire, this should become part of what you want in life. If not, please do not you can change all your ideas into business success.
6. See back and think about your work experience. Work experience is part of the business ideas. If you want to open a business, there is a good idea if you participate in the program "on the job training" or internship working first in business if you want. Communities such as the TDA, the program "Apprentice" ... this can also be used.
7. Should try to have basic knowledge of business, not inconsequential or believe it "inconsequential babble" business leaders who have so often when the billionaire, that if they want the business of walking I just need to think. I guarantee in the end, if you follow it "suggests incoherence", then you will really shocks lately, and dizziness thousand circumference, as a result of your business destroyed, alias bankrupt with debts abundant. Remember, knowledge of basic business is one of the entrance to start your own business. Instinct, feeling, or intuition is not a substitute for knowledge. So you have to want to learn with deep business knowledge.
8. Bertanyalah on your conscience. Do you want to start a new business because it wants to quickly become a rich feast? Do you want to quickly become a billionaire? According to me, if you want to start their own business with attitudes such as these, it is not the correct attitude. Money is important, but it will come later as you want ... when you do business hard, diligent, abstinence surrender, and with a sense of fervent desire.
9. Have the "inner vision", which refers you to do everything with the best of! Give something that people needed. With the "inner vision" such as this, then rest assured you will be valued people continuously, although at first you may not generate a lot of money.
10. If you already have an attitude to carry it all with the best of, then this will help you have a commitment to success, and continue to make you step from the situation now, to become better from day to day. And, in turn, later, you will become a rich man of ideas, have vision, and ability to apply something better than other people, even people who may see you as the best form at this time.



Now, colleagues Entrepreneurs, if you can do things in the tenth over, the things that will make you as a person who is not satisfied with the work and the work that the average (average), but you will be satisfied with the people who do the work and generate a large (superior).

This is my attitude that a true and important when you want to start a private business. And, if you feel has memiliknya, then you deserve to start a private business to make your future and your family. So, like what are you waiting for?